Yesterday I received a letter from my parents,who are both over 70,telling me that a big flood took place at my home village,causing serious damage to my house.句中含有非限制性定语从句,之后的telling和causing为何可以使用动词的

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Yesterday I received a letter from my parents,who are both over 70,telling me that a big flood took place at my home village,causing serious damage to my house.句中含有非限制性定语从句,之后的telling和causing为何可以使用动词的
Yesterday I received a letter from my parents,who are both over 70,telling me that a big flood took place at my home village,causing serious damage to my house.句中含有非限制性定语从句,之后的telling和causing为何可以使用动词的ing形式?

Yesterday I received a letter from my parents,who are both over 70,telling me that a big flood took place at my home village,causing serious damage to my house.句中含有非限制性定语从句,之后的telling和causing为何可以使用动词的
telling me that a big flood took place at my home village,是现在分词作后置定语修饰a letter.等于 which told me that a big flood took place at my home village
causing serious damage to my house 是现在分词短语做结果状语,修饰took place
意料之中的结果用分词,意料之外的用动词不定式
如:
He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.

现在分词做伴随状语。

我不太清楚语法什么的，但是我可以确定的是telling和causing是完全两个动作，所以可以用ing的形式。

telling是修饰parents，主动，用ing；causing是修饰a big flood，主动，用ing。

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