各种时态英语短句!

各种时态英语短句!
各种时态英语短句!

各种时态英语短句!
英语时态的用法:
一、一般现在时的用法
1．表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作.常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等连用.
He plays football twice a week.他每周踢两次足球.
I sometimes go to work on foot.我有时步行去上班.
2．表示现在的事实或状态.
It’s cold today.今天很冷.
You look tired now.你现在看起来很疲乏.
3．表示主语所具有的特征,性格和能力等.
She is a famous singer.她是个著名的歌唱家.
Tom likes swimming.汤姆喜欢游泳.
4．表示客观事实或普遍其理.
It’s far from the earth to the sun.地球与太阳间的距离很远.
Five and three makes eight.五加三得八.
5．表示已预先安排或计划好将来确定会发生的动作.
但主要用于go, come, leave, start, return, arrive等瞬间动词.
The train from London arrives at 7:00.从伦敦来的火车7:00到站.
He leaves on business the day after tomorrow.他后天出差.
6．在时间及条件状语从句中表示将来的动作.
I’ll call you as soon as I get there.我一到那里就打电话给你.
I’ll come if he invites me.他如果邀请我我就来.
7．在以here, there开头的句子里,表示正在发生的动作.
Her comes the bus!汽车来了!
There goes the bell!铃响了!
当主语是代词时,代词必须放在动词之前.如：
There he comes!他来了!
8．某些表示心理状态和感觉的动词,如feel, love, hope, want, understand等表示现在发生的具体行为.
I feel pain in my head.我头疼.
I don’t understand what you mean.我不理解你的意思.
此时只用一般现在时而不用现在进行时.
二、一般过去时的用法
1．表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday, last week, two hours ago等连用.
My family moved here five years ago.我家五年前搬到了这里.
I was born in 1973.我生于1973年.
2．表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作.这时可与频度副词如：often, usually, always等连用.
He always worked into night those days.那些日子他总是工作到深夜.
I often left on business in 1987.1987年我经常出差.
表示“过去经常,而今不再”时,要用used to.如：
I used to read newspaper after breakfast.
我过去经常早饭后看报纸.（意指现在已不是这样）
The children often swam in this river. 孩子们过去经常在这条河里游泳.
3．表示过去发生的一连串动作.
He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door.
他放下这沉重的箱子,掏出钥匙开了房门.
过去发生的一连串动作,若用and, or, but等并列连词连接,则一律用过去式.
They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.
他们把椅子搬到桌边,坐下开始吃饭.
4．在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作.
He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information.
他说他一得到消息就立即让我知道.
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里.
三、 一般将来时的用法
（1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon等连用.
I will go to the zoo next Sunday.下周日我将去动物园.
She’ll go to the cinema tonight.今晚她将去看电影.
（2）表示将来经常发生的动作
Some birds will fly away to the south when winter comes.
冬季来临时,一些鸟儿将飞往南方.
（3）“be going to+动词原形”可以表示：
I）根据目前迹象某件事情很有可能发生.
Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.看那些云,快下雨了.
II）打算、计划、决定要做某事
We’re going to meet outside the school gate.我们打算在校门口见面.
will与be going to都可表示将来,通常可互换,但下面几种情形只用will而不用be going to.
（1）表示“带有意愿色彩的将来”时
I’ll help you if you need.如果需要,我帮你.
（2）问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时
Will you go shopping with me? 你和我一起去购物吗?
Will you please open the door?请把门打开好吗?
（3）表示临时决定要做某事
It begins to rain./Will have to stay at home.
天开始下雨了,我只好呆在家里了.（本来打算外出）
（4）表示客观必然会发生的事情
It will be Monday tomorrow.明天是周一.
（5）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中,主句如果是将来时,则多用will.
I’ll take care of your baby when you are out.你出门时我会照看你的小宝宝.
I’ll open the window if you smoke here.你如果在这儿抽烟我就把窗户打开.
四、过去将来时的用法
过去将来时的用法与一般将来时的用法相同（参见一般将来时）
过去将来时表示过去习惯性的动作时,只能用would,而不用should.如：
I would swim in this pool when I was a child.我孩童时期经常在这个池塘游泳.
This window wouldn’t close.这个窗户老是关不上.
五、 现在进行时的用法
（1）表示现在正在进行或发生的动作.常与now, at present, at this, moment等连用.
It is snowing now.现在正在下雪.
He is watching TV at present.他正在看电视.
（2）与these days, this week/month等连用,表示现阶段正在进行的动作.
He is studying hard these days.这些天他学习很努力.
He is writing a book.他在写一本书.
在“Look!, Listen!”等感叹句后,通常用现在进行时.如：
Look! The bus is coming.看,公共汽车来了.
比较：Look! There comes the bus.
（以Here, There为首的句子以一般现在时表示正在进行的动作.）
（3）与表示将来的时间状语连用,表示最近计划或安排好的将要发生的动作,主要用于go, come, arrive, leave start, return等瞬间动词.即用现在进行时表示将来.
He is leaving for Nanjing tonight.他今晚去南京.
The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.会议在下午3：00开始.
（4）与always, continually, forever等词连用,表示反复出现的动作,代替一般现在时,表达说话人强烈的感情.如赞扬、不满、讨厌等.如：
He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提这类愚蠢的问题.
He is continually making mistakes.他不断地犯错误.
没有进行时的动词
1． 表示“存在、位置”的动词.如：be（是）,lie（位于）,stand（位于）
She is a doctor.她是名医生.
The mountain lies in the middle of the country.这座山位于该国的中部.
The tower stands beside the river.这座塔位于河边.
lie, stand分别作“躺、站”解时,可用于现在进行时.如：
The cat is lying under the table.猫躺在桌子下面.
He is standing against the door.他正靠门站着.
2． 表示“所有”的动词.如：have（有）,own（拥有）
I have a new car.我有一辆新车.
He owns a lot of houses.他拥有许多房子.
当have作“吃、举行”讲时,可用于现在进行时.如：
She is having lunch now.她现在正在吃午饭.
They are having a sports meeting. 他们正在举行运动会.
3． 表示感觉的动词.如：see（看到）,hear（听到）,smell（闻到）,feel（摸起来）,taste（尝起来）,find（发现）等.
I see a snake lying in the grass.我看到一条蛇躺在草丛里.
4． 表示心理活动和情感的动词,如：know（知道）,understand（理解）,think（作为）,like（喜欢）,love（爱）,hate（恨）,hope（希望）,want（想要）等
I think they are right.我认为他们是正确的.
I like music.我喜欢音乐.
think作“想,考虑”解时,可用于进行时态.如：
I’m thinking about it now.我现在正在考虑这事.
Do you know what he is thinking about? 你知道他在想什么吗?
六、 过去进行时的用法
过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同,只不过参照的时间基准点不同.
（1）过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用.如：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等.
I was playing volley-ball this time last Sunday.上周日的这个时候我正在打排球.
Li Fang was watching TV when her father came back.李芳的爸爸回来时她正在看电视.
（2）过去进行时表示过去某段时间是持续进行的动作.
They were making ships last month.他们上个月正在造船.
（3）go, come, leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示过去某一时点安排或计划好的即将发生的动作.
The plane was arriving at eight.飞机八点到达.
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时表示过去某一动作正在进行,强调“动作的连续性”,而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作,强调“有过这件事”.
I was playing chess last night.昨晚我在下棋.
I played chess last night.昨晚我下棋了.
My father worked last Sunday. 我爸爸上周日工作了.
My father was working last Sunday. 我爸爸上周日在工作着.
七、 现在完成时的用法
（1）表示动作已经完成,但后果或影响仍在.常与already, just, yet等副词连用.
I have just read your letter.我刚刚读完你的信.
He has already come back.他已经回来了.
(2）表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在.常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用.
He has lived here for three years.他在此住了两年了.
I have been here since 1976.自从1976年我就一直在这里.
①．for后通常跟一个时间段,而since后只能跟一个具体的时间点.
如：for two weeks持续两周时间；since Monday自从周一
②．现在完成时的肯定句,其谓语动词如果是瞬间动词,如come, go, begin, join等,则不可与表示一段时间的状语连用.
如：他到此两周了：He has arrived here for two weeks.（×）
此时需转换表达方式：
①用ago代替for,并改为一般过去时
②用延续性动词代替瞬间动词
③用It is/It has been…since…句型,如：
He arrived here two weeks ago.
He has been here for two weeks.
It is/It has been two weeks since he arrived here.
当瞬间动词用于否定句时,则可以与时间段连用.如：
I haven’t gone there for six years.我六年没去那儿.
（3）表示过去发生过一次或多次的动作已成为某种经验.
I have been to Paris twice.我去过巴黎两次.
It’s one of the most interesting films I’ve ever seen.它是我看过的最有趣的电影之一.
比较have been to与have gone to
have been to表示“去过某地”,现在已回来了,可以与ever twice等词连用.如：
I have ever been to London.我曾去过伦敦.
have gone to表示“去某地了”现在尚未回来,不能与ever, twice等词连用.
He has gone to London.他去伦敦了.
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
二者都表示“动作已经发生”,区别在于：
（1）现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,即对现在产生的结果、影响等,而一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系.
He has learned French for three years.他学法语已三年了.
He learned French for three years.他曾学过三年法语.
Who has taken my bag? I couldn't find it. 谁拿走了我的包?我找不着了!
He cleaned the house yesterday. 他昨天打扫过房间.
The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already. 房间很干净,因为他已经打扫过了.
（2）现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用,而一般过去时则可以.
He has done some washing yesterday. （F）
He did some washing yesterday. （T）
他昨天洗衣服了.
八、 过去完成时的用法
与现在完成的用法相同,只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同,现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点,而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点.
（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”,常by, before引导的时间状语连用.如：
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.
到爱迪生10岁时,他已给自己建了一个实验室.
He had measured me before I could get in a word.我还没说话,他已把衣服量完了.
We had scarcely reached the school before it began to rain.
我们刚到学校天就下雨了.
（2）表示由过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态.常与for和since引导的时间状语相连用.
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她说她已在那所医院工作20年了.
He said he had taught in the university since 1957.他说自从1957年他就在这所大学任教.（3）叙述过去发生的事情后,反过来又追叙或补述更早以前发生的动作时,常用过去完成时.
I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month.
对于此事我一无所知,因为我已离开6个月了.
Some people ran into the street. They had heard a loud noise.
有些人跑上了街,他们听到很响的嘈杂声.
九、时态的一致
在一些从句（主要是宾语从句）中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,这叫做时态的一致.
时态的一致通常分以下一些情况下考虑：
1．当主句中的谓语动词是现在时态或将来时态,在这种情况下,从句的谓语动词可以用任何所需时态.如：
I know that Mr. Brown is a good teacher. 我知道布朗先生是一名好老师.
She believes that he was once a solider. 她相信他以前曾是一名士兵.
He will tell us what he is going to do. 他将告诉我们他要干吗.
2．当主句中的谓语动词是过去的某种时态,在这种情况下,从句的谓语动词可以分为下面三种情况：
（1）如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,从句则需要用一般过去时或过去进行时.如：
He was wondering where he could put the box.
他不知道该把这个盒子放在哪里.
The students were talking while the teacher was writing on the blackboard.
老师在黑板上板书时,学生们在说话.
（2）如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之前,从句则要用过去完成时.如：
The train had left when they got to the station. 当他们到达车站时,火车已经开走了.
He said his father had been dead for twenty years. 他说他父亲已经去世二十年了.
（3）如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之后,从句则要用过去将来时.如：
She said she would finish the work tonight. 她说过她将于今晚完成这项工作.
We knew that it was going to snow. 我们知道将要下雪了.
3．当从句所说明的为一般真理或客观事实时,无论主句为何时态,从句不受影响,仍用现在时态.
The boy was told that the moon travels around the earth. 男孩被告知月亮绕着地球转.
Everybody knows that sixty minutes make an hour. 人人都知道一小时有六十分钟.

He goes to school every day.一般现在时
He went to school yesterday.一般过去式
He is going to school now. 现在进行时
He has gone to school this morning.现在完成时
He had gone to school since he was very young.过去完成时

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